Chemistry

"The learner will . . ." || **Standard(s)** || **No. of Days** || **Vocabulary Terms** || **Resources** || **Student Learning Activities** || **Assessment** || **Language Arts Standard(s)** ||
 * Teachers** (list)**: Kasy Epke**
 * Textbook** (title, publisher, copyright date):Chemistry Matter and Change, Glencoe - McGraw/Hill, 2013
 * ~ (1) ||~ (2) ||~ (3) ||~ (4) ||~ (5) ||~ (6) ||~ (7) ||~ (8) ||~ (9) ||
 * **Unit** || **Objective:**
 * 1 || Apply laboratory safety || 12.1.1.d Select and use lab equipment and technology appropriately and accurately

12.1.1.e Use tools and technology to make detailed qualitative and quantitative observations || on going || scientific method, qualitative data, quantitative data, hypothesis, experiment, independent variable, dependent variable, control, conclusion, theory, scientific law || Text, Digital resources || Worksheets, Questions, Interactive labs, Web Quests || Tests, Quizzes, Lab practicals, Projects || LA 12.4.1.a locate, organize, analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information from print and digital resources to create new understandings and defend conclusions. || Questions, Interactive labs, Web Quests || Tests, Quizzes, Lab practicals, Projects || LA 12.4.1.a locate, organize, analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information from print and digital resources to create new understandings and defend conclusions. ||
 * || Define chemistry and matter || 12.2.1 Students will investigate and describe matter in terms of its structure, composition and conservation. || 10 || mass, weight, model || Text, Digital resources || Worksheets,
 * || Implement the scientific method || 12.1.1.a Formulate a testable hypothesis supported by prior knowledge to guide an investigation

12.1.1.b Design and conduct logical and sequential scientific investigations with repeated trials and apply findings to new investigations

12.1.1.c Identify and manage variables and constraints

12.1.1.e Use tools and technology to make detailed qualitative and quantitative observations

12.1.1.f Represent and review collected data in a systematic, accurate, and objective manner

12.1.1.g Analyze and interpret data, synthesize ideas, formulate and evaluate models, and clarify concepts and explanations 12.1.1.h Use results to verify or refute a hypothesis 12.1.1.i Propose and/or evaluate possible revisions and alternate explanations

12.1.1.j Share information, procedures, results, conclusions, and defend findings to a scientific community (peers, science fair audience, policy makers) 12.1.1.k Evaluate scientific investigations and offer revisions and new ideas as appropriate

12.1.1.l Use appropriate mathematics in all aspects of scientific inquiry || on going || Lab Write-Ups || Text, Digital resources || Worksheets, Questions, Interactive labs, Web Quests || Tests, Quizzes, Lab practicals, Projects || LA 12.4.1.b Demonstrate ethical use of information and copyright guidelines by appropriately quoting or paraphrasing from a text and citing the source using available resources (e.g., online citation tools, publication guidelines). LA 12.4.1.a locate, organize, analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information from print and digital resources to create new understandings and defend conclusions. || Questions, Interactive labs, Web Quests || Tests, Quizzes, Lab practicals, Projects || LA 12.4.1.a Locate, organize, analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information from print and digital resources to create new understandings and defend conclusions. || 12.2.1.c Describe the three normal states of matter (solid, liquid, gas) in terms of energy, particle arrangement, particle motion, and strength of bond between molecules || 2 days || physical, phase, and chemical change, law of conservation of mass || Text, Digital resources || Worksheets, Questions, Interactive labs, Web Quests || Tests, Quizzes, Lab practicals, Projects ||  || 12.2.1.c Describe the three normal states of matter (solid, liquid, gas) in terms of energy, particle arrangement, particle motion, and strength of bond between molecules || 2 days || solid, liquid, gas, vapor, physical, extensive, intensive, chemical property || Text, Digital resources || Worksheets, Questions, Interactive labs, Web Quests || Tests, Quizzes, Lab practicals, Projects ||  || 12.2.1.c Describe the three normal states of matter (solid, liquid, gas) in terms of energy, particle arrangement, particle motion, and strength of bond between molecules || 2 days || mixture, heterogenous & homogenous mixture, solution, || Text, Digital resources || Worksheets, Questions, Interactive labs, Web Quests || Tests, Quizzes, Lab practicals, Projects ||  ||
 * || Express numbers in scientific notation, significant digits and percent error. || 12.1.1.l Use appropriate mathematics in all aspects of scientific inquiry || 2 days || base unit, second, meter, kilogram, kelvin, derived unit, liter, density, scientific notation, dimensional analysis, conversion factor, accuracy, precision, error percent error, significant figures || Text, Digital resources || Worksheets,
 * || Define and compare physical and chemical properties and changes. || 12.2.1.b Describe the energy transfer associated with phase changes between solids, liquids, and gasses
 * || Differentiate among states of matter. || 12.2.1.b Describe the energy transfer associated with phase changes between solids, liquids, and gasses
 * || Identify elements, substances, mixtures, compounds. || 12.2.1.b Describe the energy transfer associated with phase changes between solids, liquids, and gasses
 * || Apply the law of conservation of mass, law of conservation of energy, law of definite proportions, law of multiple proportions. || 12.2.1.b Describe the energy transfer associated with phase changes between solids, liquids, and gasses

12.2.3.d Distinguish between temperature (a measure of the average kinetic energy of atomic or molecular motion) and heat (the quantity of thermal energy that transfers due to a change in temperature) 12.2.3.i Interpret the law of conservation of energy to make predictions for the outcome of an event || on going || law of definite proportions, percent by mass, law of multiple proportions || Text, Digital resources || Worksheets, Questions, Interactive labs, Web Quests || Tests, Quizzes, Lab practicals, Projects ||  || Questions, Interactive labs, Web Quests || Tests, Quizzes, Lab practicals, Projects ||  || Introduction to the Periodic Table || 12.1.2.c Recognize that the work of science results in incremental advances, almost always building on prior knowledge, in our understanding of the world 12.1.2.d Research and describe the difficulties experienced by scientific innovators who had to overcome commonly held beliefs of their times to reach conclusions that we now take for granted ||  || element, periodic table, compound, || Text, Digital resources || Worksheets, Questions, Interactive labs, Web Quests || Tests, Quizzes, Lab practicals, Projects || LA 12.4.1.c Use or decipher multiple formats of print and digital text (e.g., cursive, manuscript, font, graphics, symbols). || 12.2.1.g Describe properties of atoms, ions, and isotopes // Classification of Matter // 12.2.1.h Describe the organization of the periodic table of elements with respect to patterns of physical and chemical properties. ||  || Dalton's atomic theory, atom, cathode ray, electron, nucleus,proton, neutron, atomic number, isotope, mass number, atomic mass unit (amu), atomic mass || Text, Digital resources || Worksheets, Questions, Interactive labs, Web Quests || Tests, Quizzes, Lab practicals, Projects ||  || 12.2.3.b Recognize that the energy in waves can be changed into other forms of energy 12.2.3.c Recognize that light can behave as a wave (diffraction and interference) ||  || electromagnetic radiation, wavelength, frequency, amplitude, electromagnetic spectrum, quantum, Planck's constant, photoelectric effect, photon,atomic emission spectrum || Text, Digital resources || Worksheets, Questions, Interactive labs, Web Quests || Tests, Quizzes, Lab practicals, Projects ||  || Questions, Interactive labs, Web Quests || Tests, Quizzes, Lab practicals, Projects || LA 12.4.1.a locate, organize, analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information from print and digital resources to create new understandings and defend conclusions. || 12.2.3.g Compare and contrast segments of the electromagnetic spectrum (radio, micro, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma) based on frequency and wavelength ||  ||   || Text, Digital resources || Worksheets, Questions, Interactive labs, Web Quests || Tests, Quizzes, Lab practicals, Projects ||  || 12.1.2.d Research and describe the difficulties experienced by scientific innovators who had to overcome commonly held beliefs of their times to reach conclusions that we now take for granted
 * || List, describe and apply techniques used to separate mixtures. || 12.2.1.c Describe the three normal states of matter (solid, liquid, gas) in terms of energy, particle arrangement, particle motion, and strength of bond between molecules || 2 days || filtration, distillation, crystallization, sublimation, chromagraphy || Text, Digital resources || Worksheets,
 * 2 || **History/Structure of the Atom** ||  || 2 weeks ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * || Compare and contrast atomic theories.
 * || Describe structure of the atom, role of atomic number, charges and functions of subatomic structure. || 12.2.1.f Recognize the charges and relative locations of subatomic particles (neutrons, protons, electrons)
 * || Compare wave and particle models of light. || 12.2.3.a Describe mechanical wave properties (speed, wavelength, frequency, amplitude) and how waves travel through a medium
 * || Define a quantum of energy and explain how it is related to energy change in matter. || 12.2.3.e Compare and contrast methods of heat transfer and the interaction of heat with matter via conduction, convection, and radiation ||  ||   || Text, Digital resources || Worksheets,
 * || Contrast continuous electromagnetic spectra and atomic emission spectra. || 12.2.3.f Recognize that the production of electromagnetic waves is a result of changes in the motion of charges or by a changing magnetic field
 * || Compare the mechanical models of the atom || 12.1.2.c Recognize that the work of science results in incremental advances, almost always building on prior knowledge, in our understanding of the world

12.2.1.f Recognize the charges and relative locations of subatomic particles (neutrons, protons, electrons) 12.2.1.g Describe properties of atoms, ions, and isotopes // Classification of Matter // 12.2.1.h Describe the organization of the periodic table of elements with respect to patterns of physical and chemical properties. ||  || ground state, quantum number, deBroglie equation, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, quantum mechanical model, atomic orbital, principle quantum number, principal energy level, energy sublevel || Text, Digital resources || Worksheets, Questions, Interactive labs, Web Quests || Tests, Quizzes, Lab practicals, Projects || LA 12.4.1.a locate, organize, analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information from print and digital resources to create new understandings and defend conclusions. || 12.2.1.g Describe properties of atoms, ions, and isotopes ||  ||   || Text, Digital resources || Worksheets, Questions, Interactive labs, Web Quests || Tests, Quizzes, Lab practicals, Projects || LA 12.4.1.a locate, organize, analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information from print and digital resources to create new understandings and defend conclusions. || 12.2.1.g Describe properties of atoms, ions, and isotopes // Classification of Matter // 12.2.1.h Describe the organization of the periodic table of elements with respect to patterns of physical and chemical properties. ||  || electron configuration, Pauli exclusion principle, Hund's rule, valence electron, electron-dot structure || Text, Digital resources || Worksheets, Questions, Interactive labs, Web Quests || Tests, Quizzes, Lab practicals, Projects || LA 12.4.1.a locate, organize, analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information from print and digital resources to create new understandings and defend conclusions. || Questions, Interactive labs, Web Quests || Tests, Quizzes, Lab practicals, Projects || LA 12.4.1.a locate, organize, analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information from print and digital resources to create new understandings and defend conclusions. || 12.2.1.g Describe properties of atoms, ions, and isotopes // Classification of Matter // 12.2.1.h Describe the organization of the periodic table of elements with respect to patterns of physical and chemical properties. ||  || group, period, representative element, transition element, metal, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, transition metal, inner transition metal, lanthanide series, actinide series, nonmetal, halogen, noble gas, metalloid || Text, Digital resources || Worksheets, Questions, Interactive labs, Web Quests || Tests, Quizzes, Lab practicals, Projects || LA 12.4.1.a locate, organize, analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information from print and digital resources to create new understandings and defend conclusions. || 12.2.1.g Describe properties of atoms, ions, and isotopes // Classification of Matter // 12.2.1.h Describe the organization of the periodic table of elements with respect to patterns of physical and chemical properties. ||  ||   || Text, Digital resources || Worksheets, Questions, Interactive labs, Web Quests || Tests, Quizzes, Lab practicals, Projects || LA 12.4.1.a locate, organize, analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information from print and digital resources to create new understandings and defend conclusions. || 12.2.1.g Describe properties of atoms, ions, and isotopes // Classification of Matter // 12.2.1.h Describe the organization of the periodic table of elements with respect to patterns of physical and chemical properties. ||  || ion, ionization energy, octet rule, electronegativity || Text, Digital resources || Worksheets, Questions, Interactive labs, Web Quests || Tests, Quizzes, Lab practicals, Projects || LA 12.4.1.a locate, organize, analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information from print and digital resources to create new understandings and defend conclusions. || 12.2.1.g Describe properties of atoms, ions, and isotopes // Classification of Matter // 12.2.1.h Describe the organization of the periodic table of elements with respect to patterns of physical and chemical properties. ||  ||   || Text, Digital resources || Worksheets, Questions, Interactive labs, Web Quests || Tests, Quizzes, Lab practicals, Projects || LA 12.4.1.a locate, organize, analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information from print and digital resources to create new understandings and defend conclusions. ||
 * || Explain the modern view of the importance of the electron in the atom. || 12.2.1.f Recognize the charges and relative locations of subatomic particles (neutrons, protons, electrons)
 * || Define valence electrons, draw electron dot structure, electron configuration notation and orbital diagrams. || 12.2.1.f Recognize the charges and relative locations of subatomic particles (neutrons, protons, electrons)
 * || Explain why elements have similar properties || 12.2.1.h Describe the organization of the periodic table of elements with respect to patterns of physical and chemical properties ||  || periodic law || Text, Digital resources || Worksheets,
 * || Recognize the 4 blocks of the periodic table and compare it to the properties of an element. || 12.2.1.f Recognize the charges and relative locations of subatomic particles (neutrons, protons, electrons)
 * || Identify general trends of the periodic table and compare it to the properties of an element. || 12.2.1.f Recognize the charges and relative locations of subatomic particles (neutrons, protons, electrons)
 * || Compare properties of elements based on where they are located on the periodic table. || 12.2.1.f Recognize the charges and relative locations of subatomic particles (neutrons, protons, electrons)
 * || Describe how the different elements bond based on location on the periodic table. || 12.2.1.f Recognize the charges and relative locations of subatomic particles (neutrons, protons, electrons)
 * 3 || **Bonding & Nomenclature** ||  || 6 weeks ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * || Define the different types of chemical bonds. || 12.2.1.a Recognize bonding occurs when outer electrons are transferred (ionic) or shared (covalent)

12.2.1.d Recognize a large number of chemical reactions involve the transfer of either electrons (oxidation/reduction) or hydrogen ions (acid/base) between reacting ions, molecules, or atoms 12.2.1.e Identify factors affecting rates of chemical reactions (temperature, particle size, surface area) ||  || chemical bond, cation, anion, ionic bond, ionic compound, formula unit, monatomic ion, oxidation number, polyatomic ion, oxyanion, metallic bond, alloy || Text, Digital resources || Worksheets, Questions, Interactive labs, Web Quests || Tests, Quizzes, Lab practicals, Projects || LA 12.4.1.a locate, organize, analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information from print and digital resources to create new understandings and defend conclusions. || Questions, Interactive labs, Web Quests || Tests, Quizzes, Lab practicals, Projects || LA 12.4.1.a locate, organize, analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information from print and digital resources to create new understandings and defend conclusions. || Questions, Interactive labs, Web Quests || Tests, Quizzes, Lab practicals, Projects || LA 12.4.1.a locate, organize, analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information from print and digital resources to create new understandings and defend conclusions. || Questions, Interactive labs, Web Quests || Tests, Quizzes, Lab practicals, Projects || LA 12.4.1.a locate, organize, analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information from print and digital resources to create new understandings and defend conclusions. || 12.2.1.e Identify factors affecting rates of chemical reactions (temperature, particle size, surface area) ||  ||   || Text, Digital resources || Worksheets, Questions, Interactive labs, Web Quests || Tests, Quizzes, Lab practicals, Projects || LA 12.4.1.a locate, organize, analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information from print and digital resources to create new understandings and defend conclusions. || 12.2.1.e Identify factors affecting rates of chemical reactions (temperature, particle size, surface area) ||  ||   || Text, Digital resources || Worksheets, Questions, Interactive labs, Web Quests || Tests, Quizzes, Lab practicals, Projects || LA 12.4.1.a locate, organize, analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information from print and digital resources to create new understandings and defend conclusions. || 12.2.1.e Identify factors affecting rates of chemical reactions (temperature, particle size, surface area) ||  ||   || Text, Digital resources || Worksheets, Questions, Interactive labs, Web Quests || Tests, Quizzes, Lab practicals, Projects || LA 12.4.1.a locate, organize, analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information from print and digital resources to create new understandings and defend conclusions. || Questions, Interactive labs, Web Quests || Tests, Quizzes, Lab practicals, Projects || LA 12.4.1.a locate, organize, analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information from print and digital resources to create new understandings and defend conclusions. || 12.1.1.f Represent and review collected data in a systematic, accurate, and objective manner
 * || Describe the formation of ions. || 12.2.1.a Recognize bonding occurs when outer electrons are transferred (ionic) or shared (covalent) ||  ||   || Text, Digital resources || Worksheets,
 * || Discuss how different bonds affect the properties of the compound. || 12.2.1.a Recognize bonding occurs when outer electrons are transferred (ionic) or shared (covalent) ||  || crystal lattice, electrolye, lattice energy || Text, Digital resources || Worksheets,
 * || Write and name ionic compounds. ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   || LA 12.4.1.a locate, organize, analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information from print and digital resources to create new understandings and defend conclusions. ||
 * || Apply the octet rule. ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   || LA 12.4.1.a locate, organize, analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information from print and digital resources to create new understandings and defend conclusions. ||
 * || Describe the formation of the covalent bonding. || 12.2.1.a Recognize bonding occurs when outer electrons are transferred (ionic) or shared (covalent) ||  || covalent bond, molecule, Lewis structure, endo & exo thermic reactions. || Text, Digital resources || Worksheets,
 * || Write the name of molecules and acids. ||  ||   || oxyacid ||   ||   ||   || LA 12.4.1.a locate, organize, analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information from print and digital resources to create new understandings and defend conclusions. ||
 * || Describe how electronegativity is used to determine type of bonds. ||  ||   || structural formula, VSEPR model ||   ||   ||   || LA 12.4.1.a locate, organize, analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information from print and digital resources to create new understandings and defend conclusions. ||
 * || Compare and contrast polar and nonpolar molecules and their properties. ||  ||   || polar covalent bond ||   ||   ||   || LA 12.4.1.a locate, organize, analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information from print and digital resources to create new understandings and defend conclusions. ||
 * 4 || **Reactions** ||  || 9 weeks || chemical reactions, reactant, product, chemical equation, coeffcient, synthesis, combustion, decomposition, single, double reactions, precipitate, aqueous solution, solute, solvent, complete ionic equation, spectator ion, net ionic equation ||   ||   ||   || LA 12.4.1.a locate, organize, analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information from print and digital resources to create new understandings and defend conclusions. ||
 * || Recognize evidence of chemical reactions. || 12.2.1.d Recognize a large number of chemical reactions involve the transfer of either electrons (oxidation/reduction) or hydrogen ions (acid/base) between reacting ions, molecules, or atoms
 * || Identify and classify types of chemical reactions. || 12.2.1.d Recognize a large number of chemical reactions involve the transfer of either electrons (oxidation/reduction) or hydrogen ions (acid/base) between reacting ions, molecules, or atoms
 * || Write chemical reactions by predicting the products of the reaction. || 12.2.1.d Recognize a large number of chemical reactions involve the transfer of either electrons (oxidation/reduction) or hydrogen ions (acid/base) between reacting ions, molecules, or atoms
 * 5 || **Stoichiometry/Mole** ||  || 9 weeks || mole, Avogadro's number, molar mass, representative particle, percent composition, empirical formula, molecular formula, hydrate, stoichiometry, mole ratio, limiting and excess reactant, theoretical, actual and percent yield ||   ||   ||   || LA 12.4.1.a locate, organize, analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information from print and digital resources to create new understandings and defend conclusions. ||
 * || Describe the mole and relate it to the common counting numbers. || 12.1.1.l Use appropriate mathematics in all aspects of scientific inquiry ||  ||   || Text, Digital resources || Worksheets,
 * || Relate the mass of a mole to the mass of an atom || 12.1.1.l Use appropriate mathematics in all aspects of scientific inquiry ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   || LA 12.4.1.a locate, organize, analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information from print and digital resources to create new understandings and defend conclusions. ||
 * || Convert and calculate: number of moles in an element, atoms of an element, number of moles in a given mass. || 12.1.1.e Use tools and technology to make detailed qualitative and quantitative observations

12.1.1.g Analyze and interpret data, synthesize ideas, formulate and evaluate models, and clarify concepts and explanations 12.1.1.l Use appropriate mathematics in all aspects of scientific inquiry ||  ||   || Text, Digital resources || Worksheets, Questions, Interactive labs, Web Quests || Tests, Quizzes, Lab practicals, Projects || LA 12.4.1.a locate, organize, analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information from print and digital resources to create new understandings and defend conclusions. || 12.1.1.l Use appropriate mathematics in all aspects of scientific inquiry ||  ||   || Text, Digital resources || Worksheets, Questions, Interactive labs, Web Quests || Tests, Quizzes, Lab practicals, Projects || LA 12.4.1.a locate, organize, analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information from print and digital resources to create new understandings and defend conclusions. || 12.1.1.l Use appropriate mathematics in all aspects of scientific inquiry ||  ||   || Text, Digital resources || Worksheets, Questions, Interactive labs, Web Quests || Tests, Quizzes, Lab practicals, Projects || LA 12.4.1.a locate, organize, analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information from print and digital resources to create new understandings and defend conclusions. || Questions, Interactive labs, Web Quests || Tests, Quizzes, Lab practicals, Projects || LA 12.4.1.a locate, organize, analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information from print and digital resources to create new understandings and defend conclusions. || Questions, Interactive labs, Web Quests || Tests, Quizzes, Lab practicals, Projects || LA 12.4.1.a locate, organize, analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information from print and digital resources to create new understandings and defend conclusions. || 12.1.1.l Use appropriate mathematics in all aspects of scientific inquiry ||  ||   || Text, Digital resources || Worksheets, Questions, Interactive labs, Web Quests || Tests, Quizzes, Lab practicals, Projects || LA 12.4.1.a locate, organize, analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information from print and digital resources to create new understandings and defend conclusions. || 12.1.1.l Use appropriate mathematics in all aspects of scientific inquiry ||  ||   || Text, Digital resources || Worksheets, Questions, Interactive labs, Web Quests || Tests, Quizzes, Lab practicals, Projects || LA 12.4.1.a locate, organize, analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information from print and digital resources to create new understandings and defend conclusions. || 12.1.1.l Use appropriate mathematics in all aspects of scientific inquiry ||  ||   || Text, Digital resources || Worksheets, Questions, Interactive labs, Web Quests || Tests, Quizzes, Lab practicals, Projects || LA 12.4.1.a locate, organize, analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information from print and digital resources to create new understandings and defend conclusions. ||
 * || Recognize the mole relationship in a chemical formula || 12.2.1.d Recognize a large number of chemical reactions involve the transfer of either electrons (oxidation/reduction) or hydrogen ions (acid/base) between reacting ions, molecules, or atoms
 * || Explain percent composition || 12.1.1.f Represent and review collected data in a systematic, accurate, and objective manner
 * || Determine empirical and molecular formula from percent mass and actual mass. || 12.1.1.l Use appropriate mathematics in all aspects of scientific inquiry ||  ||   || Text, Digital resources || Worksheets,
 * || Explain what a hydrate is and determine hydrate formula from lab data || 12.1.1.l Use appropriate mathematics in all aspects of scientific inquiry ||  ||   || Text, Digital resources || Worksheets,
 * || Use balanced chemical equations to determine mole ratios and other quantitative relationships || 12.1.1.f Represent and review collected data in a systematic, accurate, and objective manner
 * || Use the steps in the stoichiometric process to determine the limiting reactant, excess reactant and mass of excess based on the balanced equation. || 12.1.1.f Represent and review collected data in a systematic, accurate, and objective manner
 * || Calculate theoretical and percent yield for a chemical reaction. || 12.1.1.f Represent and review collected data in a systematic, accurate, and objective manner